Gastvortrag von Prof. John-Dylan Haynes

Abstract:

When humans choose freely between different alternative actions, their choices are often predictable by prior brain signals. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we found that classifiers can be used to partially predict the outcome of choices several seconds before a person believes to be making up their mind. This holds not only for simple movement choices, but also for complex cognitive actions. Using shifted classification analyses we found that early choice-predictive information can be dissociated from information related to the previous trial. Furthermore, during the early phase with choice-predictive information the default mode network was still active in the participants' brains. This potentially suggests that the prediction occured while they were not actively thinking about their upcoming choices. An interesting question is whether the onset of the choice-predictive brain signals constitutes a point of no return beyond which participants cannot avoid making a decision. We investigated this using real-time EEG classification of the readiness-potential. We found that people can override choice-predictive brain signals until a very late stage of processing. Taken together, our results suggest that choice-predictive brain signals are present, but that participants can control the outcome of a decision until a very late stage. We will also discuss the implications of these findings for the philosophical problem of free will.
 

John-Dylan Haynes is professor for brain imaging at the Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and director of the Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging. He studied psychology in Bremen, where he also obtained his Ph.D. in 2003. After research positions at the University of Magdeburg, the Hanse Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Plymouth, and University College London, he started his own research group at the Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Neurosciences in Leipzig. In 2006, he became professor at the Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience at Charité Berlin. His research focuses on “brain reading”, consciousness, working memory and free will.